Journal
BIOESSAYS
Volume 33, Issue 11, Pages 791-802Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/bies.201100047
Keywords
cancer; genomic context; immunity; miRNAs; X chromosome
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Funding
- Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders
- Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program of the Belgian Science Policy [IAP VI/18]
- Belgische Vereniging tegen Kanker
- Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB)
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In this paper, we hypothesize that X chromosome-associated mechanisms, which affect X-linked genes and are behind the immunological advantage of females, may also affect X-linked microRNAs. The human X chromosome contains 10% of all microRNAs detected so far in the human genome. Although the role of most of them has not yet been described, several X chromosome-located microRNAs have important functions in immunity and cancer. We therefore provide a detailed map of all described microRNAs located on human and mouse X chromosomes, and highlight the ones involved in immune functions and oncogenesis. The unique mode of inheritance of the X chromosome is ultimately the cause of the immune disadvantage of males and the enhanced survival of females following immunological challenges. How these aspects influence X-linked microRNAs will be a challenge for researchers in the coming years, not only from an evolutionary point of view, but also from the perspective of disease etiology.
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