Journal
BIOENERGY RESEARCH
Volume 5, Issue 2, Pages 515-531Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s12155-012-9184-4
Keywords
Hydrogen; Thermophiles; Lignocellulosic biomass; Metabolic engineering; Dark fermentation
Categories
Funding
- Center for Bioprocessing R&D (CBRD) at the South Dakota School of Mines & Technology (SDSMT)
- South Dakota Board of Reagents (SD BOR)
- South Dakota Governor's Office for Economic Development (SD GOED)
- US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL)
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Hydrogen (H-2) is considered an alternative fuel of the future due to its high energy density and non-polluting nature. H-2 energy provides many advantages over fossil fuels in that it is renewable, eco-friendly, and efficient. The global demand for H-2 is increasing significantly; however, matching the supply of cost-competitive H-2 to meet the current demand is a major technological barrier. H-2 can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass and serve as a raw material for the synthesis of many industrially important chemicals. The use of thermophilic bacteria for biological production of H-2 appears to be a promising alternative route to the current H-2 production technologies. However, the carbon and H-2 production metabolisms in most thermophilic bacteria have not yet been completely understood. This paper summarizes the recent research progress made toward understanding the carbon utilization for H-2 production and developing gene manipulation techniques to enhance the H-2 production capabilities in thermophilic bacteria. It reviews the current status, future directions and opportunities that thermophiles can offer to enable a cost-competitive and environmentally benign H-2 production bioprocess.
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