Journal
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES
Volume 23, Issue 6, Pages 793-+Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X00003976
Keywords
consciousness; dreaming; neuroimaging; neuromodulation; NREM; phenomenology; qualia; REM; sleep
Funding
- NIMH NIH HHS [MH01287, MH-48,832, MH13923] Funding Source: Medline
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Sleep researchers in different disciplines disagree about how fully dreaming can be explained in terms of brain physiology. Debate has focused on whether REM sleep dreaming is qualitatively different from nonREM (NREM) sleep and waking. A review of psychophysiological studies shows clear quantitative differences between REM and NREM mentation and between REM and waking mentation. Recent neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies also differentiate REM, NREM, and waking in features with phenomenological implications. Both evidence and theory suggest that there are isomorphisms between the phenomenology and the physiology of dreams. We present a three-dimensional model with specific examples from normally and abnormally, changing conscious states.
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