Database records as a surrogate for sampling effort provide higher species richness estimations

The compilation of all the available taxonomic and distributional information on the species present in a territory frequently generates a biased picture of the distribution of biodiversity due to the uneven distribution of the sampling effort performed. Thus, quality protocol assessments such as those proposed by Hortal et al. (Conservation Biology 21:853-863, 2007) must be done before using this kind of information for basic and applied purposes. The discrimination of localities that can be considered relatively well-surveyed from those not surveyed enough is a key first step in this protocol and can be attained by the previous definition of a sampling effort surrogate and the calculation of survey completeness using different estimators. Recently it has been suggested that records from exhaustive databases can be used as a sampling-effort surrogate to recognize probable well-surveyed localities. In this paper, we use an Iberian dung beetle database to identify the 50 x 50 km UTM cells that appear to be reliably inventoried, using both data derived from standardized sampling protocols and database records as a surrogate for sampling effort. Observed and predicted species richness values in the shared cells defined as well-surveyed by both methods suggest that the use of database records provides higher species richness values, which are proportionally greater in the richest localities by the inclusion of rare species.