Journal
PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS
Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages 425-433Publisher
AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.1037/1082-989X.5.4.425
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Although the consequences of ignoring a nested factor on decisions to reject the null hypothesis of no treatment effects have been discussed in the literature, typically researchers in applied psychology and education ignore treatment providers (often a nested factor) when comparing the efficacy of treatments. The incorrect analysis, however, not only invalidates tests of hypotheses, but it also overestimates the treatment effect. Formulas were derived and a Monte Carlo study was conducted to estimate the degree to which the F statistic and treatment effect size measures are inflated by ignoring the effects due to providers of treatments. These untoward effects are illustrated with examples From psychotherapeutic treatments.
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