Journal
BIOCHIMIE
Volume 94, Issue 7, Pages 1490-1498Publisher
ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.12.026
Keywords
Dosage compensation; Chromatin; Long non-coding RNAs; Epigenetic regulation; Histone modifications
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB-TR5]
- Munich Center of Integrated Protein Science
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A large part of higher eukaryotic genomes is transcribed into RNAs lacking any significant open reading frame. This non-coding part has been shown to actively contribute to regulating gene expression, but the mechanisms are largely unknown. Particularly instructive examples are provided by the dosage compensation systems, which assure that the single X chromosome in male cells and the two X chromosomes in female cells give rise to similar amounts of gene product. Although this is achieved by very different strategies in mammals and fruit flies, long, non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in both cases. Here we summarize recent progress towards unraveling the mechanisms, by which the Xist and roX RNAs mediate the selective association of regulators with individual target chromosomes, to initiate dosage compensation in mammals and fruit flies, respectively. (c) 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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