Journal
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-REVIEWS ON CANCER
Volume 1846, Issue 1, Pages 238-246Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.07.005
Keywords
Sialic acids; Sialoglycans; Siglecs; Immune evasion; Cancer; Tumor microenvironment
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Funding
- Radboud University Medical Center PhD grant
- Dutch Cancer Society [2009-4402]
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Sialic acids represent a family of sugar molecules derived from neuraminic acid that frequently terminate glycan chains and contribute to many biological processes. Already five decades ago, aberrantly high expression of sialic acids has been proposed to protect cancer cells from recognition and eradication by the immune system. Today, increased understanding at the molecular level demonstrates the broad immunomodulatory capacity of tumor-derived sialic acids that is, at least in part, mediated through interactions with immunoinhibitory Siglec receptors. Here we will review current studies from a sialic acid sugar perspective showing that tumor-derived sialic acids disable major killing mechanisms of effector immune cells, trigger production of immune suppressive cytokines and dampen activation of antigen-presenting cells and subsequent induction of anti-tumor immune responses. Furthermore, strategies to modulate sialic acid expression in cancer cells to improve cancer immunotherapy will be discussed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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