Journal
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-REVIEWS ON CANCER
Volume 1836, Issue 2, Pages 321-335Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.10.004
Keywords
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; Tumor progression; Tumor tropism; Evasion from tumor site; Cancer-associated fibroblasts; Metastatic niche
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Funding
- Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (CNPq - Ministry of Education, Brazil)
- Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC)
- Istituto Toscano Tumori and FESR-PorCreo
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Tumor progression is a multistep phenomenon in which tumor-associated stromal cells perform an intricate cross-talk with tumor cells, supplying appropriate signals that may promote tumor aggressiveness. Among several cell types that constitute the tumor stroma, the discovery that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) have a strong tropism for tumors has achieved notoriety in recent years. Not only are the BM-MSC recruited, but they can also engraft at tumor sites and transdifferentiate into cells such as activated fibroblasts, perivascular cells and macrophages, which will perform a key role in tumor progression. Whether the BM-MSC and their derived cells promote or suppress the tumor progression is a controversial issue. Recently, it has been proposed that proinflammatory stimuli can be decisive in driving BM-MSC polarization into cells with either tumor-supportive or tumor-repressive phenotypes (MSC1/MSC2). These considerations are extremely important both to an understanding of tumor biology and to the putative use of BM-MSC as magic bullets against tumors. In this review, we discuss the role of BM-MSC in many steps in tumor progression, focusing on the factors that attract BM-MSC to tumors, BM-MSC differentiation ability, the role of BM-MSC in tumor support or inhibition, the immunomodulation promoted by BM-MSC and metastatic niche formation by these cells. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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