Magnetic fluid and nanoparticle applications to nanotechnology

Magnetic field based micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) devices are proposed that use 10 nm diameter magnetic particles, with and without a carrier fluid, for a new class of nanoduct flows, nanomotors, nanogenerators, nanopumps, nanoactuators, and other similar nanoscale devices. A few examples of macroscopic ferrohydrodynamic instabilities that result in patterns, lines, and structures are shown that can be scaled down to sub-micron dimensions.