Journal
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
Volume 1812, Issue 2, Pages 265-274Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.07.008
Keywords
Multiple sclerosis; EAE; TMEV-IDD; Microglia; Astrocyte; Dendritic cell
Funding
- NIH [F31 NS061621]
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society
- Myelin Repair Foundation
- Viral Replication Training Grant [T32 AI060523-06]
- New Interdisciplinary Research Workforce in Regenerative Medicine [T90-DA022881]
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating T cell mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Animal models of MS, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) have given light to cellular mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of this organ-specific autoimmune disease. Within the CNS, antigen presenting cells (APC) such as microglia and astrocytes participate as first line defenders against infections or inflammation. However, during chronic inflammation they can participate in perpetuating the self-destructive environment by secretion of inflammatory factors and/or presentation of myelin epitopes to autoreactive T cells. Dendritic cells (DC) are also participants in the presentation of antigen to T cells, even within the CNS. While the APCs alone are not solely responsible for mediating the destruction to the myelin sheath, they are critical players in perpetuating the inflammatory milieu. This review will highlight relevant studies which have provided insight to the roles played by microglia, DCs and astrocytes in the context of CNS autoimmunity. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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