Journal
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
Volume 1820, Issue 6, Pages 689-700Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.08.012
Keywords
Nitric oxide; S-nitrosylation; Thiol; Redox regulation; Thioredoxin; Thioredoxin reductase
Categories
Funding
- Swedish Research Council of Medicine [3529]
- Swedish Cancer Society [961]
- K.A. Wallenberg Foundation
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Background: S-nitrosylation (or S-nitrosation) by Nitric Oxide (NO), i.e., the covalent attachment of a NO group to a cysteine thiol and formation of S-nitrosothiols (R-S-N=O or RSNO), has emerged as an important feature of NO biology and pathobiology. Many NO-related biological functions have been directly associated with the S-nitrosothiols and a considerable number of S-nitrosylated proteins have been identified which can positively or negatively regulate various cellular processes including signaling and metabolic pathways. Scope of the review: Taking account of the recent progress in the field of research, this review focuses on the regulation of cellular processes by S-nitrosylation and Trx-mediated cellular homeostasis of S-nitrosothiols. Major conclusions: Thioredoxin (Trx) system in mammalian cells utilizes thiol and selenol groups to maintain a reducing intracellular environment to combat oxidative/nitrosative stress. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and Trx system perform the major role in denitrosylation of S-nitrosylated proteins. However, under certain conditions, oxidized form of mammalian Trx can be S-nitrosylated and then it can trans-S-nitrosylate target proteins, such as caspase 3. General significance: Investigations on the role of thioredoxin system in relation to biologically relevant RSNOs, their functions, and the mechanisms of S-denitrosylation facilitate the development of drugs and therapies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Regulation of Cellular Processes. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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