Journal
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 19, Issue 3, Pages 371-379Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/50.918890
Keywords
Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI); matrix switches; optical cross connects; optical switches; phase-error; phase-trimming; planar lightwave circuits (PLCs); silica-based waveguides; thermooptic switches; waveguide switches
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We describe a silica-based 16 x 16 strictly nonblocking thermooptic matrix switch with a low loss and a high extinction ratio, This matrix switch, which employs a double Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) switching unit and a matrix arrangement to reduce the total waveguide length, is fabricated with 0.75% refractive index difference waveguides on a 6-in silicon wafer using silica-based planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology. We obtained an average insertion loss of 6.6 dB and an average extinction ratio of 53 dB in the worst polarization case. The operating wavelength bandwidth completely covers the gain band of practical erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). The total power consumption needed for operation is reduced to 17 W by employing a phase-trimming technique which eliminates the phase-error in the interferometer switching unit.
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