Expression and cellular distribution of αv integrins in β1 integrin-deficient embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac cells

beta (1) integrin-deficient (beta (1) (-/-)) ES cells showed increased differentiation of cardiac cells characterized by reduced adhesion and high beating frequency. Whereas in whole embryoid body outgrowths of beta (-/-)(1) cells maximum levels of alpha (w), beta (3), and beta (5), integrin mRNA were delayed and transiently upregulated, in cardiac clusters isolated from beta (-/-)(1) cells, only beta (3) intesrin mRNA levels were enhanced in comparison to wild-type (wt) cells. To answer the question, whether alpha (v) and beta (3) integrins may compensate, at least partially. the loss of beta (3), integrin function during cardiac differentiation, the distribution of alpha (v) and beta (3), integrins in beta (-/-)(1) and wt pacemaker-like cardiac cells was analyzed. A different distribution of alpha (v) and beta (3), integrins in beta (-/-)(1) v wt cardiac cells was found. In wt cardiac cells, beta (1) integrin was localized in specialized subsarcolemmal regions, in particular, at focal contacts and costameres, but alpha (v) integrin was diffusely distributed. In contrast, in beta (-/-)(1) cardiac cells, alpha (v) integrin was preponderantly localized at cell membranes, focal contacts and costameres. beta (3), integrin displayed a diffuse pattern both in wt and in beta (-/-)(1) pacemaker-like cells at early differentiation stages, whereas at terminal stages. beta (3), was colocalized with sarcomeres in wt, but not in beta (-/-)(1) pacemaker-like cells. Quantitative immunofluorescence analysis revealed increased alpha (v) and beta (3) integrin levels in beta (-/-)(1) pacemaker-like cardiac cells. Our results led us to conclude that altered cellular distribution of alpha (v) integrin and upregulation of beta (3), integrin correlate with growth and survival of beta (-/-)(1) cardiac pacemaker-like cells at an early developmental state. However, alpha (v) and beta (3) integrins cannot Functionally compensate the loss of beta (1), integrin during terminal differentiation of cardiac cells implicating that cardiomyocytes require specific beta (1) integrin functions for cardiac specialization. (C) 2001 Academic Press.