Journal
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS
Volume 1799, Issue 3-4, Pages 328-336Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2010.01.010
Keywords
Chromatin; Transcription; Enhanceosome; Interferon-beta; NF-kappa B; IRF-3
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Activation of interferon-beta transcription is a highly ordered process beginning with the delivery of NF-kappa B to the IFN-beta enhancer through a process involving stochastic interchromosomal interactions between the IFN-beta enhancer and specialized Alu elements. NF-kappa B delivery is followed by the binding of ATF-2/c-Jun and IRF proteins in a highly cooperative fashion. The assembled enhanceosome then recruits PCAF/GCN5 which acetylates the histone tails of the adjacent nucleosomes. The transcriptional coactivator CBP, which binds in a complex with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme is recruited by the enhanceosome replacing PCAF/GCN5. Next, SWI/SNF, which is part of the holoenzyme complex, induces a conformational change in a nucleosome positioned over the transcriptional start site allowing TFIID to bind, which promotes the sliding of this nucleosome to a new downstream position. At this point the full pre-initiation complex is assembled and transcription commences. This detailed picture of the IFN-beta transcription program gathered through years of rigorous studies, now serves as a paradigm for understanding complex transcriptional switches in eukaryotic systems. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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