Journal
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF PAIN
Volume 17, Issue 1, Pages 20-24Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/00002508-200103000-00004
Keywords
musculoskeletal pain; pain thresholds; pressure; risk factors; sex differences
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Epidemiologic, clinical, and experimental evidence points to sex differences in musculoskeletal pain. Adult women more often have musculoskeletal problems than do men. Discrepant findings regarding the presence of such differences during childhood and adolescence continue. Biologic and psychosocial factors might account for these differences. The authors review evidence showing that mechanically induced pressure is more likely to show sex differences than other noxious stimuli and to discriminate between individuals suffering from musculoskeletal pain and matched controls. The authors suggest that a state of increased pain sensitivity, with a peripheral or central origin, predisposes individuals to chronic muscle pain conditions, and that there are sex differences in the operation of these mechanisms; women are vulnerable to the development and maintenance of musculoskeletal pain conditions.
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