Altered expression of CD43-hexasaccharide isoform on peripheral T lymphocytes from HIV-infected individuals

Objective: To examine if peripheral T lymphocytes from HIV-infected individuals show abnormalities in the surface expression of CD43, the major sialoglycoprotein of leukocytes. Design: A series of 86 HIV-positive individuals was studied. The subjects, grouped by their peripheral CD4 cell count, were in different stages of the disease as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Methods: Peripheral leukocytes and isolated lymphocytes were examined by double and triple immunofluorescence flow cytometric and Western blot analyses with monoclonal antibodies, which discriminate between CD43 isoforms. Results: We found elevated percentages of the surface expression of CD43-hexasaccharide isoform on T lymphocytes from 82 out of 86 individuals tested. Increasing percentages are progressively found in CDC groups 1, 2 and 3 patients. The expression of the molecule is remarkably biased towards the CD8 cell subpopulation. The percentage of cells bearing human leukocyte antigen-DR locus molecules (HLA-DR) is also augmented. Two subsets expressing T305 have been identified: a minor subset that co-expresses HLA-DR and T305; and a second population formed by the majority of T305-positive cells, which lack surface HLA-DR. Finally, we found CD43 bands with altered electrophoretic mobility in lysates from peripheral lymphocytes from all HIV-positive individuals tested. Conclusion: The augmented expression of CD43-hexasaccharide and the observed cellular distribution suggest an important regulatory role for this molecule in HIV-specific responses. (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.