Inhibition of Multidrug Resistance-Linked P-Glycoprotein (ABCB1) Function by 5′-Fluorosulfonylbenzoyl 5′-Adenosine: Evidence for an ATP Analogue That Interacts with Both Drug-Substrate-and Nucleotide-Binding Sites

5'-Fluorosulfonylbenzonyl 5'-adenosine (FSBA) is an ATP analogue that covalently modifies several residues in the nudeotide-binding domains (NBDs) of several ATPases, kinases, and other proteins. P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily that anticancer agents from cancer cells. We investigated the interactions of FSBA with P-gp to study the catalytic cycle of ATP hydrolysis. Incubation of P-gp with FSBA inhibited ATP hydrolysis (IC50 = 0.21 mM) and the binding of 8-azido[alpha-P-32]ATP (IC50 = 0.68 mM). In addition, C-14-FSBA cross-links to P-gp, suggesting that FSBA-mediated inhibition of ATP hydrolysis is irreversible due to covalent modification of P-gp. However, when the NBDs were occupied with a saturating concentration of ATP prior to treatment, FSBA stimulated ATP hydrolysis by P-gp. Furthermore, FSBA inhibited the photo-cross-linking of P-gp with [I-125]iodoarylazidoprazosin (IAAP; IC50 = 0.17 mM). As IAAP is a transport substrate for P-gp, this suggests that FSBA affects not only the NBDs but also the transport-substrate site in the transmembrane domains. Consistent with these results, FSBA blocked efflux of rhodamine 123 from P-gp-expressing cells. Additionally, mass spectrometric analysis identified FSBA cross-links to residues within or nearby the NBDs but not in the transmembrane domains, and docking of FSBA in a homology model of human P-gp NBDs supports the biochemical studies. Thus, FSBA is an ATP analogue that interacts with both the drug-binding and ATP-binding sites of P-gp, but fluorosulfonyl-mediated cross-linking is observed only at the NBDs.