Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 43, Issue 1, Pages 63-73Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00325-8
Keywords
waste-free production; preventive environmental protection; reagent recycling; closed loop production; paired electrosynthesis
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The electrochemical methodology is an intrinsically environmentally friendly technique. It is especially excellently suited for preventive environmental protection because the practically mass-free electrons are used as reagents. Therefore, it allows the production of organic compounds without the formation of ecologically critical waste which has to be disposed. In addition, toxic waste formation can be prevented by continuous in situ or two-step electrochemical regeneration of heavy metal redox reagents. By using solid polymer electrolytes lion-exchange membranes), even the use of a supporting electrolyte can be avoided. Thus, product formation can take place in pure methanol without any other chemical present. The consumption of resources can be economized by generating high-value products on both electrodes, anode and cathode (paired electrosynthesis). In certain cases, the same product may be formed on the anode and the cathode (200%-cell). Finally, in electroenzymatic syntheses, two environmentally friendly methods can be combined for the regeneration of the cofactors or the prosthetic groups of redox enzymes. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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