Journal
PROSTAGLANDINS & OTHER LIPID MEDIATORS
Volume 64, Issue 1-4, Pages 107-122Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/S0090-6980(01)00103-4
Keywords
sphingosine 1-phosphate; sphingosine kinase; endothelial differentiation gene; platelet; vascular endothelial cell
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Sphingosine 1-phosphate (Sph-1-P) is a bioactive sphingolipid, acting both as an intracellular second messenger and extracellular mediator, in mammalian cells. In cell types where Sph-1-P acts as an intracelullar messenger. stimulation-dependent synthesis of Sph-1-P, possibly resulting from sphingosine (Sph) kinase activation, is essential. Since this important kinase has recently been cloned. precise regulation of intracellular Sph-1-P synthesis will be clarified in the near future. As an intercellular mediator, elucidation of sources for extracellular Sph-1-P is important, in addition to identification of the cell surface receptors; for this phospholipid. Blood platelets are very unique in that they store Sph-1-P abundantly (possibly due to the existence of highly active Sph kinase and a lack of Sph-1-P lyase) and release this bioactive lipid extracellularly upon stimulation. It is likely that platelets are an important source for extracellular Sph-1-P, especially for plasma and serum Sph-1-P. Platelet-derived Sph-1-P seems to play an important role in vascular biology. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
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