Journal
BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS
Volume 42, Issue -, Pages 1367-1371Publisher
PORTLAND PRESS LTD
DOI: 10.1042/BST20140137
Keywords
flippase; giant substrate; P4-ATPase; phospholipid
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Funding
- Amherst College
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A difference in the lipid composition between the two leaflets of the same membrane is a relatively simple instance of lipid compositional heterogeneity. The large activation energy barrier for transbilayer movement for some (but not all) membrane lipids creates a regime governed by active transport processes. An early step in eukaryote evolution was the development of a capacity for generating transbilayer compositional heterogeneity far from equilibrium by directly tapping energy from the ATP pool. The mechanism of the P-type ATPases that create lipid asymmetry is well understood in terms of ATP hydrolysis, but the trajectory taken by the phospholipid substrate through the enzyme is a matter of current active research. There are currently three different models for this trajectory, all with support by mutation/activity measurements and analogies with known atomic structures.
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