Journal
PARASITOLOGY
Volume 122, Issue -, Pages 563-569Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182001007740
Keywords
analysing aggregation; generalized linear mixed model; Ixodes ricinus; Lagopus lagopus scoticus; Poisson-lognormal distribution; variance components
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The statistical aggregation of parasites among hosts is often described empirically by the negative binomial (Poisson-gamma) distribution. Alternatively, the Poisson-lognormal model can be used. This has the advantage that it can be fitted as a generalized linear mixed model, thereby quantifying the sources of aggregation in terms of both fixed and random effects. We give a worked example, assigning aggregation in the distribution of sheep ticks Ixodes ricinus on red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus chicks to temporal (year), spatial (altitude and location), brood and individual effects. Apparent aggregation among random individuals in random broods fell 8-fold when spatial and temporal effects had been accounted for.
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