Journal
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 129, Issue 1, Pages 295-303Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/S1095-6433(01)00325-7
Keywords
allele/environment interaction; allele interaction; alleles; multifactorial disease pathogenesis; qualitative imbalance; quantitative imbalance; RDS; tuberculosis SP-4; surfactant protein A
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Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [R37 HL34788] Funding Source: Medline
- NIEHS NIH HHS [R01-ES-09882] Funding Source: Medline
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The high degree of similarity at the molecular level, between humans and other species, has provided the rationale for the use of a variety of species as model systems in research, resulting in enormous advances in biological sciences and medicine. In contrast, the individual variability observed among humans, for example, in external physique, organ functionality and others, is accounted for, by only a fraction of 1% of differences at the DNA level. These small differences, which are essential for understanding disease pathogenesis, have posed enormous challenges in medicine, as we try to understand why patients may respond differently to drugs or why one patient has complications and another does not. Differences in outcome are most likely the result of interactions among genetic components themselves and/or the environment at the molecular, cellular, organ, or organismal level, or the macroenvironment. In this paper: (I)we consider some issues for multifactorial disease pathogenesis; (2) we provide a review of human SP-A and how the knowledge gained and the characteristics of the hSP-A system may serve as a model in the study of disease with multifactorial etiology; and (3) we describe examples where hSP-A has been used in the study of disease. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
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