Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
Volume 25, Issue -, Pages S10-S18Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801689
Keywords
energy expenditure; melanocortin-4 receptor; energy intake; phenotype; television; breast feeding
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Over the past years substantial progress has been made in the molecular elucidation of monogenic forms of obesity both in rodents and in humans. In addition, several quantitive trait loci have been mapped in mice. in humans, non-parametric linkage studies have led to the identification of relevant chromosomal regions, some of which have already been confirmed. in this review we focus on an interpretation of the heritability estimates obtained in twin, family and adoption studies. These estimates include both direct and indirect genetic effects. Nan-additive genetic factors seemingly contribute even more than additive factors. The importance of the non-shared environment is stressed. Gene x gene interactions need to be considered when interpreting recent molecular genetic results pertaining to haplo-insufficiency mutations in the melanocortin-4 receptor gene. We conclude by discussing the implications of the recent molecular findings in humans for phenotypical assessment in ongoing family studies.
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