Journal
JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY
Volume 77, Issue 4, Pages 258-268Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1006/jipa.2001.5028
Keywords
Apis mellifera L.; honeybee; Nosema apis Zander 1909; spore viability; infectivity; spore load; bee longevity; thyme honey; active manuka honey; heat treatment
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Newly emerged adult bees were fed with Nosema apis spores subjected to various treatments, and their longevity, proportions of bees infected, and spores per bee recorded. Spores lost viability after 1, 3, or 6 months in active manuka or multifloral honey, after 3 clays in multifloral honey, and after 21 days in water or sugar syrup at 33 degreesC. Air-dried spores lost viability after 3 or 5 days at 40 degrees, 45 degrees, or 49 degreesC, Increasing numbers of bees became infected with increasing doses of spores, regardless of their subsequent food (active manuka honey, thyme honey, or sugar syrup). Final spore loads were similar among bees receiving the same food, regardless of dose. Bees fed with either honey had lighter infections than those fed with syrup, but this may have been due to reductions in their longevity. Bees fed with manuka honey were significantly shorter lived, whether infected or not. (C) 2001 Academic Press.
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