Journal
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 80, Issue 11, Pages 1613-1631Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.07.043
Keywords
Tocotrienols; Anticancer; Cholesterol; Atherosclerosis; Diabetes; Bone resorption; Neuroprotective
Categories
Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA091844-020004, P01 CA091844-010004, CA-16 672, P01 CA091844, P01 CA124787-020002, P01 CA124787, CA-124787-01A2, P01 CA124787-01A20002] Funding Source: Medline
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Initially discovered in 1938 as a fertility factor. vitamin E now refers to eight different isoforms that belong to two categories, four saturated analogues (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) called tocopherols and four unsaturated analogues referred to as tocotrienols. While the tocopherols have been investigated extensively, little is known about the tocotrienols. Very limited studies suggest that both the molecular and therapeutic targets of the tocotrienols are distinct from those of the tocopherols. For instance, suppression of inflammatory transcription factor NF-kappa B, which is closely linked to tumorigenesis and inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, mammalian DNA polymerases and certain protein tyrosine kinases, is unique to the tocotrienols. This review examines in detail the molecular targets of the tocotrienols and their roles in cancer, bone resorption, diabetes, and cardiovascular and neurological diseases at both preclinical and clinical levels. As disappointment with the therapeutic value of the tocopherols grows, the potential of these novel vitamin E analogues awaits further investigation (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
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