Journal
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 75, Issue 1, Pages 178-195Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.08.018
Keywords
phenotype refinement; genes; environment; comorbidity; pharmacogenetics; transdisciplinary
Categories
Funding
- NIDA NIH HHS [DA018019, R01 DA018019-05, R01 DA018019, DA019951, K08 DA019951-03, K08 DA019951] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE [R01DA018019, K08DA019951] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Nicotine dependence is substantially heritable. Several regions across the genome have been implicated in containing genes that confer liability to nicotine dependence and variation in individual genes has been associated with nicotine dependence. Smoking cessation measures are also heritable, and measured genetic variation is associated with nicotine dependence treatment efficacy. Despite significant strides in the understanding of the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to nicotine dependence and treatment, emergent challenges necessitate interdisciplinary coordinated effort for effective problem solving. These challenges include refinement of the nicotine dependence phenotype, better understanding of the dynamic interplay between genes and environment in nicotine dependence etiology, application and development of molecular and statistical methodology that can adequately address vast amounts of data, and continuous translational cross-talk. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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