Journal
BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL
Volume 464, Issue -, Pages 13-22Publisher
PORTLAND PRESS LTD
DOI: 10.1042/BJ20140931
Keywords
endoplasrnic reticulum (ER); fluorescence Ca2+ imaging; GCaMP; mitochondrion; multicolour imaging; red fluorescent genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator for optical imaging (R-GECO)
Categories
Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Alberta Ingenuity
- National Institutes of Health (USA) [NS087068]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [L0000075]
- Wellcome Trust [101844]
- BBSRC [BB/L000075/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/L000075/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Wellcome Trust [101844/Z/13/Z] Funding Source: researchfish
- Wellcome Trust [101844/Z/13/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust
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Ca2+ is a key intermediary in a variety of signalling pathways and undergoes dynamic changes in its cytoplasmic concentration due to release from stores within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and influx from the extracellular environment. In addition to regulating cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals, these responses also affect the concentration of Ca2+ within the ER and mitochondria. Single fluorescent protein-based Ca2+ indicators, such as the GCaMP series based on GFP, are powerful tools for imaging changes in the concentration of Ca2+ associated with intracellular signalling pathways. Most GCaMP-type indicators have dissociation constants (K-d) for Ca2+ in the high nanomolar to low micromolar range and are therefore optimal for measuring cytoplasmic [Ca2+], but poorly suited for use in mitochondria and ER where [Ca2+] can reach concentrations of several hundred micromolar. We now report GCaMP-type low-affinity red fluorescent genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators for optical imaging (LAR-GECO), engineered to have K-d values of 24 mu M (LAR-GECO1) and 12 mu M (LAR-GECO1.2). We demonstrate that these indicators can be used to image mitochondrial and ER Ca2+ dynamics in several cell types. In addition, we perform two-colour imaging of intracellular Ca2+ dynamics in cells expressing both cytoplasmic GCaMP and ER-targeted LAR-GECO1. The development of these low-affinity intensiometric red fluorescent Ca2+ indicators enables monitoring of ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ in combination with GFP-based reporters.
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