Residue Gly1326 of the N-type calcium channel α1B subunit controls reversibility of ω-conotoxin GVIA and MVIIA block

We recently reported that amino acid residues contained within a putative EF hand motif in the domain ill S5-H5 region of the alpha (1B) subunit affected the relative barium:calcium permeability of N-type calcium channels (Feng, Z. P., Hamid, J., Doering, C., Jarvis, S. E., Bosey, G. M., Bourinet, E., Snutch, T. P., and Zamponi, G. W. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 5726-5730). Since this region partially overlaps with residues previously implicated in block of the channel by omega -conotoxin GVIA, we assessed the effects of mutations in the putative EF hand domain on channel block by omega -conotoxin GVIA and the structurally related omega -conotoxin MVILA. Both of the toxins irreversibly block the activity of wild type alpha (1B) N-type channels. We find that in addition to previously identified amino acid residues, residues in positions 1326 and 1332 are important determinants of omega -conotoxin GVIA blockade. Substitution of residue Glu(1332) to arginine slows the time course of development of block. Point mutations in position Gly(1326) to either arginine, glutamic acid, or proline dramatically decrease the time constant for development of the block. Additionally, in the G1326P mutant channel activity was almost completely recovered following washout. A qualitatively similar result was obtained with omega -conotoxin MVIIA, suggesting that common molecular determinants underlie block by these two toxins. Taken together the data suggest that residue Gly(1326) may form a barrier, which controls the access of peptide toxins to their blocking site within the outer vestibule of the channel pore and also stabilizes the toxin-channel interaction.