Journal
BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL
Volume 420, Issue -, Pages 1-16Publisher
PORTLAND PRESS LTD
DOI: 10.1042/BJ20090272
Keywords
innate immune response; Nod-like receptor (NLR); pathogen recognition; retinoic acid-inducible gene-I receptor (RIG-I-like receptor, RLR); Toll-like receptor (TLR)
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Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [P08123]
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Immunity against microbial pathogens primarily depends on the recognition of pathogen components by innate receptors expressed on immune and non-immune cells. Innate receptors are evolutionarily conserved germ-line-encoded proteins and include TLRs (Toll-like receptors), RLRs [RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene-I)-like receptors] and NLRs (Nod-like receptors). These receptors recognize pathogens or pathogen-derived products in different cellular compartments, such as the plasma membrane, the endosomes or the cytoplasm, and induce the expression of cytokines, chemokines and co-stimulatory molecules to eliminate pathogens and instruct pathogen-specific adaptive immune responses. In the present review, we will discuss the recent progress in the study of pathogen recognition by TLRs, RLRs and NLRs and their signalling pathways.
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