Journal
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 406, Issue 2, Pages 268-272Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.02.031
Keywords
Insulin; Metabolism; Primary hepatocytes; Retinoids; Srebp-1c expression; Retinoid X receptor
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Funding
- American Heart Association [095DG2140003]
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville
- Allen Foundation Inc.
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We have reported that the rat liver lipophilic extract (LE) synergized with insulin to induce Gck and Srebp-1c in primary rat hepatocytes. After identification of retinol and retinal in LE, only their effects in the absence or presence of insulin on Gck, but not that on Srebp-1c, were investigated subsequently. The retinoid effects on the Srebp-1c expression and the activation of its promoter were examined with real-time PCR and reporter gene assays, respectively. In primary hepatocytes, retinal and retinoic acid (RA) synergized with insulin to induce Srebp-1c expression. This induction was followed by the elevation of its target gene, fatty acid synthase. Activation of retinoid X receptor, but not retinoic acid receptor, was responsible for the induction of Srebp-1 c expression. RA, but not retinal, also induced Srebp-1c expression in a dose dependent manner in INS-1 cells. The RA responsive elements in Srebp-1c promoter were determined as previously identified two liver X receptor elements responsible for mediating insulin action. We conclude that retinoids regulate hepatic Srebp-1c expression through activation of retinoid X receptor. The RA- and insulin-induced Srebp-1 c expression converged at the same sites in its promoter, indicating the roles of vitamin A in regulation of hepatic gene expression. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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