Growth factors signal to steroid receptors through mitogen-activated protein kinase regulation of p160 coactivator activity

Promoter-bound steroid receptors activate gene expression by recruiting members of the p160 family of coactivators. Many steroid receptors, most notably the progesterone and estrogen receptors, are regulated both by cognate hormone and independently by growth factors, Here we show that epidermal growth factor regulates the activities of the p160 GRIP1 through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) family of mitogen-activated protein kinases. ERKs phosphorylate GRIP1 at a specific site, Ser-736, the integrity of which is required for full growth factor induction of GRIP1 transcriptional activation and coactivator function. We propose that growth factors signal to nuclear receptors in part by targeting the p160 coactivators.