Journal
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
Volume 20, Issue 7, Pages 646-653Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/00006454-200107000-00003
Keywords
human parainfluenza virus 1; human parainfluenza virus 2; human parainfluenza virus 3; hospitalization; United States
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Background. Human parainfluenza viruses 1 through 3 (HPIV-1-3) are important causes of respiratory tract infections in young children. This study sought to provide current estimates of HPIV-1-3-associated hospitalizations among US children. Methods, Hospitalizations for bronchiolitis, bronchitis, croup and pneumonia among children age <5 years were determined for the years 1979 through 1997 using the National Hospital Discharge Survey. Average annual hospitalizations during the last 4 years of the study for each of these four diseases were multiplied by the proportions of each disease associated with HPIV-1-3 infection (as previously reported in hospital-based studies) to estimate hospitalizations potentially associated with HPIV-1-3 infections. Seasonal trends in HPIV-1-3-associated hospitalizations were compared with HPIV detections in the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System, which prospectively monitors respiratory viral detections throughout the United States. Results. The proportions of hospitalizations associated with HPIV infection for each disease varied widely in the 6 hospital-based studies we selected. Consequently our annual estimated rates of hospitalization were broad: HPIV-1, 0.32 to 1.59 per 1000 children; HPIV-2, 0.10 to 0.86 per 1000 children; and HPIV-3, 0.48 to 2.6 per 1000 children. Based on these data HPIV-1 may account for 5800 to 28 900 annual hospitalizations; HPIV-2 for 1800 to 15 600 hospitalizations; and HPIV-3 for 8700 to 52 000 hospitalizations. Conclusions, We provide broad, serotype-specific estimates of US childhood hospitalizations associated with HPIV infections. More precise estimates of HPIV-associated hospitalizations would require large prospective studies of HPIV-associated diseases by more sensitive viral testing methods, such as polymerase chain reaction techniques.
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