Mitochondrial Disease-related Mutation G167P in Cytochrome b of Rhodobacter capsulatus Cytochrome bc1 (S151P in Human) Affects the Equilibrium Distribution of [2Fe-2S] Cluster and Generation of Superoxide

Cytochrome bc(1) is one of the key enzymes of many bioenergetic systems. Its operation involves a large scale movement of a head domain of iron-sulfur protein (ISP-HD), which functionally connects the catalytic quinol oxidation Q(o) site in cytochrome b with cytochrome c(1). The Q(o) site under certain conditions can generate reactive oxygen species in the reaction scheme depending on the actual position of ISP-HD in respect to the Q(o) site. Here, using a bacterial system, we show that mutation G167P in cytochrome b shifts the equilibrium distribution of ISP-HD toward positions remote from the Q(o) site. This renders cytochrome bc(1) non-functional in vivo. This effect is remediated by addition of alanine insertions (1Ala and 2Ala) in the neck region of the ISP subunit. These insertions, which on their own shift the equilibrium distribution of ISP-HD in the opposite direction (i.e. toward the Q(o) site), also act in this manner in the presence of G167P. Changes in the equilibrium distribution of ISP-HD in G167P lead to an increased propensity of cytochrome bc(1) to generate superoxide, which becomes evident when the concentration of quinone increases. This result corroborates the recently proposed model in which semireverse electron transfer back to the Q(o) site, occurring when ISP-HD is remote from the site, favors reactive oxygen species production. G167P suggests possible molecular effects of S151P (corresponding in sequence to G167P) identified as a mitochondrial disease-related mutation in human cytochrome b. These effects may be valid for other human mutations that change the equilibrium distribution of ISP-HD in a manner similar to G167P.