Journal
BIOACOUSTICS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SOUND AND ITS RECORDING
Volume 28, Issue 6, Pages 555-574Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2018.1509373
Keywords
Acoustic monitoring; migration monitoring; night flight calls; nocturnal flight calls; nocturnal migration; zeep
Categories
Funding
- Explorers Club
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Sigma Xi
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The zeep complex consists of nine birds that produce nocturnal flight calls with similar acoustic features. Our inability to distinguish these calls inhibits the acoustic monitoring of these species. We test the hypothesis that flight calls of nine warblers in the zeep complex show sufficient acoustic differences to allow differentiation. We investigate divergence in these vocalizations by recording birds held for banding and collecting additional recordings from sound libraries. We used three approaches to compare calls between species: analysis of variance in acoustic properties, discriminant analysis of acoustic properties, and spectrographic cross-correlation. The first approach revealed five species that were different in one or more acoustic properties. The second approach revealed a level of assignment to the correct species (73%) that exceeded levels expected by chance (36%). The third approach revealed calls of seven species to be significantly more similar to conspecific calls than heterospecific calls. Our results suggest the calls of many members of the zeep complex exhibit species-specific differences in structure, which may allow differentiation of at least five zeep species based on call alone. We advocate for the combined use of these three approaches for the comparison of zeep calls in future flight call studies.
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