Capillary forces and structuring in layers of colloid particles

'Capillary forces' are interactions between particles mediated by fluid interfaces. Recent advances in this field have been achieved by experiments and theory on lateral capillary forces, which are due to the overlap of menisci formed around separate particles attached to an interface. In particular, we should mention the cases of 'finite menisci' and 'capillary multipoles'. The capillary-bridge forces were investigated in relation to capillary condensation and cavitation, surface-force measurements and antifoaming by oily drops. The studies on colloidal self-assembly mediated by capillary forces developed in several promising directions. The obtained structures of particles have found numerous applications. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.