Journal
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Volume 27, Issue 3, Pages 429-442Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.03.001
Keywords
G protein-coupled receptor; neurotransmission; synaptic plasticity; brain disease; synaptogenesis; myelin; neuronal growth
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The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed by sub-populations of neuronal and glial cells throughout the brain and is activated by extracellular calcium (Ca-o(2+)). During development, the CaSR regulates neuronal cell growth and migration as well as oligodendroglial maturation and function. Emerging evidence suggests that in nerve terminals, CaSR is implicated in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission. In this review, we analyze the roles attributed to CaSR in regulating diverse brain functions, including central regulation of body fluid composition and blood pressure. We also discuss the potential relevance of Ca2+-sensing in brain by other family C G protein-coupled receptors. Finally, evidence that the CaSR contributes to the pathogenesis of various brain disorders raises the possibility that pharmacological modulators of the CaSR may have therapeutic benefit. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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