Journal
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Volume 25, Issue 4, Pages 671-680Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2011.06.007
Keywords
worldwide vitamin D status; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; vitamin D deficiency; adults
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The aim of the present study is to summarize existing literature on vitamin D levels in adults in different continents and different countries woldwide. The best determinant of vitamin D status is the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Most investigators agree that serum 25(OH)D should be higher than 50 nmol/1, but some recommend higher serum levels. Traditional risk groups for vitamin D deficiency include pregnant women, children, older persons, the institutionalized, and non-western immigrants. This chapter shows that serum 25(OH)D levels are not only suboptimal in specific risk groups, but also in adults in many countries. Especially, in the Middle-East and Asia, vitamin D deficiency in adults is highly prevalent. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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