Journal
BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Volume 10, Issue -, Pages 259-270Publisher
BEILSTEIN-INSTITUT
DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.21
Keywords
acetone; acetophenone; DFT calculations; diimine intermediate; reduction reaction; transition states; Wolff-Kishner
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Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Science, Sport, and Technology [22000009]
- Grand Challenge Project (IMS, Okazaki, Japan)
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Wolff-Kishner reduction reactions were investigated by DFT calculations for the first time. B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) SCRF=(PCM, solvent = 1,2-ethanediol) optimizations were carried out. To investigate the role of the base catalyst, the base-free reaction was examined by the use of acetone, hydrazine (H2N-NH2) and (H2O)(8). A ready reaction channel of acetone -> acetone hydrazine (Me2C=N-NH2) was obtained. The channel involves two likely proton-transfer routes. However, it was found that the base-free reaction was unlikely at the N2 extrusion step from the isopropyl diimine intermediate (Me2C(H)-N=N-H). Two base-catalyzed reactions were investigated by models of the ketone, H2N-NH2 and OH-(H2O)(7). Here, ketones are acetone and acetophenone. While routes of the ketone -> hydrazone -> diimine are similar, those from the diimines are different. From the isopropyl diimine, the N-2 extrusion and the C-H bond formation takes place concomitantly. The concomitance leads to the propane product concertedly. From the (1-phenyl) ethyl substituted diimine, a carbanion intermediate is formed. The para carbon of the phenyl ring of the anion is subject to the protonation, which leads to a 3-ethylidene-1,4-cyclohexadiene intermediate. Its [1,5]-hydrogen migration gives the ethylbenzene product. For both ketone substrates, the diimines undergoing E2 reactions were found to be key intermediates.
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