Formation of a selenium-substituted rhodanese by reaction with selenite and glutathione: Possible role of a protein perselenide in a selenium delivery system

Selenophosphate is the active selenium-donor compound required by bacteria and mammals for the specific synthesis of Secys-tRNA, the precursor of selenocysteine in selenoenzymes. Although free selenide can be used in vitro for the synthesis of selenophosphate, the actual physiological selenium substrate has not been identified. Rhodanese (EC 2.3.1.1) normally occurs as a persulfide of a critical cysteine residue and is believed to function as a sulfur-delivery protein. Also, it has been demonstrated that a selenium-substituted rhodanese (E-Se form) can exist in vitro. In this study, we have prepared and characterized an E-Se rhodanese. Persulfide-free bovine-liver rhodanese (E form) did not react with SeO32- directly, but in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH) and SeO32- E-Se rhodanese was generated. These results indicate that the intermediates produced from the reaction of GSH with SeO32- are required for the formation of a selenium-substituted rhodanese. E-Se rhodanese was stable in the presence of excess GSH at neutral pH at 37 degreesC. E-Se rhodanese could effectively replace the high concentrations of selenide normally used in the selenophosphate synthetase in vitro assay in which the selenium-dependent hydrolysis of ATP is measured. These results show that a selenium-bound rhodanese could be used as the selenium donor in the in vitro selenophosphate synthetase assay.