Incomplete recovery of voluntary isometric force after fatigue is not affected by old age

The 60-min recovery profiles of voluntary and electrically stimulated force, contractile speed, surface electromyography, muscle activation via twitch interpolation, and muscle compound action potentials (M-waves) in the elbow flexors of seven young men (24 +/- 2 years) and seven men over 80 years of age (84 +/- 2 years) were compared following intermittent (3 s on, 2 s off) contractions at 60% of each subject's maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) force. There was no age-related difference between groups in the average time to fatigue or the rate of voluntary force loss; both groups lost 40% of their force within approximately 5 min. Despite a rapid increase to similar to 83% of the prefatigue MVC by the third minute of recovery for both groups, MVC force did not return to the prefatigue value within 60 min (94 +/- 4% young, 91 +/- 3% old). These results suggest that the incomplete recovery of voluntary force was likely due to a peripheral limitation in the muscle at the level of excitation-contraction coupling, and was not affected by age. Delayed recovery of voluntary force and a greater degree of low-frequency fatigue in the old men were not observed and there were no age-related impairments in any parameter normalized to the prefatigue value during fatigue or recovery. We suggest that the specific fatigue task may be more important to recovery than proposed alterations in the aged neuromuscular system when normalization and matching of the fatigue task criteria occurs. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.