Developmental changes in performance monitoring: How electrophysiological data can enhance our understanding of error and feedback processing in childhood and adolescence

Performance monitoring includes learning from errors and feedback and depends on the functioning of the mediofrontal cortex, especially the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the mesencephalic dopamine system. Error and feedback monitoring develop during childhood until early adulthood and are important in a lot of learning situations. The aims of this article are twofold: First, to review the present literature on the development of performance monitoring, and second, to highlight how electrophysiological data can contribute to the understanding of error and feedback processing in childhood and adolescence. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.