Journal
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
Volume 202, Issue 2, Pages 147-152Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.03.023
Keywords
Connectivity; TMS; Transcranial magnetic; Parietal; Premotor; Reaching
Categories
Funding
- Medical Research Council [G0500258] Funding Source: Medline
- Medical Research Council [G0500258] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [G0500258] Funding Source: UKRI
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used in two different ways to investigate the contribution of cortical areas involved in grasp/reach movements in humans. It can produce virtual lesions that interfere with activity in particular cortical areas at specific times during a task, or it can be used in a twin coil design to test the excitability of cortical projections to M I at different times during a task. The former method has described how cortical structures such as the ventral premotor cortex (PMv), dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) and the anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS) are important for specific aspects of reaching, grasping and lifting objects. In the latter method, a conditioning stimulus (CS) is first used to activate putative pathways to the motor cortex from, for example, posterior parietal cortex (PPC) or PMd, while a second, test stimulus (TS), delivered over the primary motor cortex a few ms later probes any changes in excitability that are produced by the input. Thus changes in the effectiveness of the conditioning pulse give an indication of how the excitability of the connection changes over time and during a specific task. Here we review studies describing the time course of operation of parallel intracortical circuits and cortico-cortical connections between the PMd, PMv, PPC and M1, thus demonstrating that functional interplay between these areas and the primary motor cortices is not fixed, but can change in a highly task-, condition- and time-dependent manner. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available