Journal
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Volume 12, Issue 5, Pages 491-496Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/00001648-200109000-00005
Keywords
vitamin A; retinol; congenital heart defect; teratogen; transposition of great arteries; tetralogy of Fallot; pregnancy; congenital abnormalities
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Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [R37 HL25629] Funding Source: Medline
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To assess the relationship between maternal intake of vitamin A and cardiac outflow tract defects, we examined data from a population-based case-control study among liveborn infants born from 1987 through 1989 to mothers residing in the Baltimore Washington area. Case infants (126) had a nonsyndromic cardiac outflow tract defect. Control infants (679) did not have birth defects and were a stratified random sample of liveborn infants from the same area. The main exposure was average daily maternal intake of retinol and provitamin A carotenoids from foods and supplements during the year before conception. Compared with an average intake of less than 10,000 IU, retinol intake of 10,000 IU or more from supplements was associated with a ninefold increased risk for transposition of the great arteries (odds ratio = 9.2; 95% confidence interval = 4.0-21.2), but not for outflow tract defects with normally related arteries (odds ratio = 0.8; 95% confidence interval = 0.1-6.6). Similar intakes of carotenoids and dietary retinol were not associated with an increased risk for either type of outflow tract defect.
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