The interaction between yeasts and bacteria in dairy environments

The general environment from which raw dairy products originate and the microbiological quality of the products in its processed state inevitably admit yeast growth and spoilage. Only part of the primary microflora. survives under the selective pressures exerted by the intrinsic and extrinsic biotic factors present, processing procedures and preservatives. Yeasts that possess the proper physiological attributes to counteract the specific ecological determinants will be favored. Eventually, a particular yeast community will develop, and if the environmental factors permit, this characteristic yeast community will result in a specific association contributing positively or negatively to the final product. The association that develops between yeasts and bacteria is governed by specific key properties selecting for a few predominant yeasts. These yeasts may either stimulate or inhibit normal bacterial growth. The extent to which interaction between yeasts and bacteria contribute to the final product is discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.