Mechanical stimulation activates Gαq signaling pathways and 5-hydroxytryptamine release from human carcinoid BON cells

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) released from enterochromaffin cells activates secretory and peristaltic reflexes necessary for lubrication and propulsion of intestinal luminal contents. The aim of this study was to identify mechanosensitive intracellular signaling pathways that regulate S-HT release. Human carcinoid BON cells displayed 5-HT immunoreactivity associated with granules dispersed throughout the cells or at the borders. Mechanical stimulation by rotational shaking released 5-HT from BON cells or from guinea pig jejunum during neural blockade with tetrodotoxin. In streptolysin O-permeabilized cells, guanosine 5 ' -O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GDP-P-S) and a synthetic peptide derived from the COOH terminus of G alphaq abolished mechanically evoked S-HT release, while the NH2-terminal peptide did not. An antisense phosphorothioated oligonucleotide targeted to a unique sequence of Gaq abolished mechanically evoked 5-HT release and reduced G alphaq protein levels without affecting the expression of G alpha (11). Depletion and chelation of extracellular calcium did not after mechanically evoked S-HT release, whereas depletion of intracellular calcium stores by thapsigargin and chelation of intracellular calcium by 1,2-bis (o-Aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetra (acetoxymethyl) ester (BAPTA-AM) reduced 5-HT release. Mechanically evoked 5-HT release was inhibited by somatostatin-14 in a concentration-dependent manner. The results suggest that mechanical stimulation of enterochromaffin-derived BON cells directly or indirectly stimulates a G protein-coupled receptor that activates Gaq, mobilizes intracellular calcium, and causes S-HT release.