Journal
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
Volume 24, Issue 9, Pages 659-675Publisher
EDITRICE KURTIS S R L
DOI: 10.1007/BF03343911
Keywords
adolescence; childhood; congenital; goiter; hyperthyroidism; hypothyroidism; infancy; iodine deficiency; levothyroxine; radioactive iodine; thyroid cancer; thyroid gland; thyroid hormone; thyroid nodule; thyrotoxicosis; thyrotropin
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In this contribution, we review current knowledge on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thyroid disorders in childhood and adolescence, as well as present an update on therapy methods and management guidelines for these disorders. This overview is conceptually divided into two parts, one focusing on thyroid functional disorders, i.e. conditions leading to hyper- and hypothyroidism, and another one pertinent to structural abnormalities of the thyroid gland, i.e. nodular disorders and thyroid cancer. Currently, congenital hypothyroidism is diagnosed in a much more timely fashion rather than in the past, rendering hypothyroidism-related mental retardation and developmental deficits very rare in newborns and children and, hence, diminishing significantly its public health impact. At the same time, considerable advances have occurred in our understanding of the molecular basis of several genetic conditions affecting the thyroid gland in childhood, such as familial non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism, as well as of the pathways leading to thyroid neoplasia. (C) 2001, Editrice Kurtis.
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