Recent advances in Pelargonium in vitro regeneration systems

Recent advances in the development of protocols for in vitro culture and genetic manipulation have provided new avenues for the development of novel varieties of Pelargonium and for use as model systems for investigating the factors controlling plant morphogenesis. Optimized techniques of meristem culture have supplemented the culture indexing methods in commercial greenhouse production resulting in availability of large-scale pathogen indexed planting material. Currently, technologies are available for the mass in vitro propagation of F1 hybrid Pelargonium through both organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. The somatic embryogenesis model system has allowed researchers to identify critical factors controlling plant morphogenesis in vitro such as regulation of regeneration by growth regulators, choice of explant and characterization of induction and expression phases of morphogenesis in Pelargonium. Also, optimization of technologies for genetic transformation of Pelargonium opened up the possibilities for developing genotypes with novel characters, including resistance to some of the major diseases. Finally, the development of regeneration systems for Pelargonium spp. has facilitated conventional crop improvement programs, thereby providing a valuable resource to the horticultural industry.