Journal
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
Volume 50, Issue 8, Pages 559-565Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01074-5
Keywords
family study; obsessive-compulsive disorder; tic disorders; Tourette's syndrome
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Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [RR00052] Funding Source: Medline
- NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH50214] Funding Source: Medline
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Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorders have phenomenological and familial-genetic overlaps. An OCD family study sample that excludes Tourette's syndrome in probands is used to examine whether tic disorders are part of the familial phenotype of OCD. Methods: Eighty case and 73 control probands and their first-degree relatives were examined by experienced clinicians using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Anxiety version. DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses were ascertained by a best-estimate consensus procedure. The prevalence and severity of tic disorders, age-at-onset of OCD symptoms, and transmission of OCD and tic disorders by characteristics and type of proband (OCD + tic disorder, OCD - tic disorder) were examined in relatives. Results: Case probands and case relatives had a greater lifetime prevalence of tic disorders compared to control subjects. Tic disorders spanning a wide severity range were seen in case relatives; only mild severity was seen in control relatives. Younger age-at-onset of OCD symptoms and possibly male gender in case probands were associated with increased tic disorders in relatives. Although relatives of OCD + tic disorder and OCD - tic disorder probands had similar prevalences of tic disorders, this result is not conclusive. Conclusions: Tic disorders constitute an alternate expression of the familial OCD phenotype. (C) 2001 Society of Biological Psychiatry.
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