Journal
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
Volume 20, Issue 20, Pages 3039-3049Publisher
JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
DOI: 10.1002/sim.960
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In the case-crossover design, only cases are sampled and the hazard ratio is estimated from within-subject comparisons of exposures at the event time and in M control periods prior to the event. We consider the effect of within-subject dependence of exposures in successive time periods. We show that estimates obtained from the conditional logistic model are biased. This bias disappears if the distribution of exposures in the M + 1 successive time intervals is exchangeable. In contrast, the Mantel-Haenszel estimator for the odds ratio is approximately unbiased provided that exposures are stationary. Suitable methods of analysis of case-crossover designs using maximum likelihood may be derived from cohort rather than case-control models. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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