Limit state and probabilistic formats in the analysis of bracing piers of annular cross-sections

The expediency and efficiency of concrete bridge piers of annular cross-sections reinforced by steel bars Uniformly distributed throughout their perimeter are considered. Modelling of permanent and live load effects and bearing capacity of bracing tubular piers is presented. The features of unsophisticated probability-based design formats are analysed. A simplified but fairly exact analysis of eccentrically loaded piers by limit state and probabilistic approaches is provided. The design practice of bracing tubular piers using limit state and probabilistic approaches is illustrated by a numerical example.